What is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)? Understanding the Basics of FDM 3D Printing

Definition

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing process in which a thermoplastic filament is heated to its melting point and then extruded layer by layer to create a three-dimensional object. The printer’s nozzle moves in both the horizontal and vertical directions, depositing the material in thin layers as it cools and solidifies.

Explain Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) like I’m 5

Imagine you have a really fancy glue gun that melts plastic and draws with it. You use this glue gun to draw each layer of a toy, one on top of the other, until you have built the whole toy.

Why does this matter?

FDM is one of the most widely used 3D printing technologies because it is relatively simple and cost-effective. It allows for the use of various thermoplastics, making it suitable for prototyping, manufacturing tools, and even some end-use parts.

Real Talk

FDM is often praised for its affordability and ease of use, but it has its limitations. The surface finish of FDM parts can be rough, requiring additional post-processing. The strength of the parts is also anisotropic, meaning they are weaker along the layer lines. Plus, achieving high resolution and fine details can be challenging. FDM is great for quick and affordable prototypes, but it’s not always the best choice for high-precision or high-strength applications.